Domestic Violence Against Women In Rural Area’s & Gender issues
Introduction
Domestic violence refers to any kind of psychological, physical, financial, emotional, and sexual violence that may be perpetrated against any family member, by a person domestically powerful socially, physically or perhaps financially the domestic violence refers to any kind of psychological, physical, financial, emotional and sexual violence that may be perpetrated against any family member, by a person domestically powerful socially, physically or perhaps financially the domestic violence refers to any kind of psychological, physical, financial, emotional and sexual violence that may be perpetrated against any family member, by a person domestically powerful socially, physically or perhaps financially the domestic violence refers to any kind of psychological, physical, financial, emotional and sexual violence that may be perpetrated against any family member, by a person domestically powerful socially, physically or perhaps financially
This research topic was given to me by the Department of Gender Studies and this is a very important issue considered in my areas. So, as usual, I started meeting up with different areas’ people discussed their daily basis issues, and this was just a simple observation of people's reactions. After some days of analysis then I started interviewing with different families, at the different locations there I already went many times, afterward, I find out many unexpected questions answer as well as overreactions of their people well I don’t know before. Well, I almost conducted interviewed three families face-to-face, with the help of my close friends. As research on Domestic violence happening in rural areas women and my analysis data showed that about 65% of the interviewed women had experienced different types of violence, with psychological violence being the most common. The experience of women’s low education, low income, and marriage at an early age were significantly associated with domestic violence. Additionally, Domestic violence was significantly associated with poor mental and reproductive health.
Usually, Violence happens from different sources, and they also include family members. Male members are the head of the family. They are the decision-makers of social, political, religious, cultural, and other matters. On the other hand, females are dominant in the family. Due to the head of the family, the male takes the role of decision-making. As the male makes decisions and the female have to follow those decisions without any allegations. If the females refuse to follow the taken decisions, they become the victims of violence. So, family authority is an important factor in domestic violence in rural areas. Table 1 shows that among the 118 respondents, 85.6% of families are male-dominated whereas only 14.4% of families are female-headed which means only a small portion of families are controlled by females and a large portion of families are controlled by males.
According to The United Nations definitions “Violence against women as any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or private life Domestic violence occurs daily in homes throughout the world”. But from my perspective Domestic Violence is considered a major contributor to the mental ill-health of women and it could be verbal and physical violence.
What are the main reasons for domestic violence against women?
Well, before asking this question they were somehow friendly with me but afterward, they became so much confused and I guess they don’t have my questions answered but when they started talking on that matter I felt it is a great opportunity for me to discuss more. Old women said to me domestic violence happens because of Fear, Anxiety, depression, stress, and indefinable reasons. The patriarchal system is the big cause of violence, the dignity of boys does not accept by girls.
Well, this was a very tough question for me because I was unable to find this answer in my areas but when I look at conducted research paper by “ACTED” NGOs then my mind goes the right direction, and then I used technical ways and conducted research when I started asking from those people and women were facing domestic violence so I observe and then I find out “Reasons of Domestic violence were only Poverty, dislike, property, fits of hunger, the crisis of Shelters, Husband wife negotiations, Elder of Village called (Comrade or Patel) due to their policies, decisions, affect at whole the villagers” While domestic abuse strikes couples of all races, religions, social-economic status, and sexual orientations, risk factors for men or women becoming victims or abusers include poverty, lack of high school education, witnessing family violence as a child, having a low sense of self-worth, and attitudes of male.
What are the major causes of domestic violence in rural areas?
When they face economic problems like a daughter’s marriage or a death in the family, they are forced to sell their land. Marginal farmers, landless laborers, scheduled caste communities, self-employed workers whose occupation is connected with agriculture, form more than 90% of the population in rural areas.
Background
Basically! Domestic violence it’s happening since from Hunter gathers society, men used to dominate women on their weakness, fewer strengths, powerless, soft nature, and so on that’s why Domestic violence is viewed as an unjustifiable act that women, children, orphans, and on-orphans are victims of. Domestic violence has been defined as the physical and mental abuse of women within the household, in most cases by husbands. Domestic violence is a major contributor to the physical and mental ill-health of women and is evident, to some degree, in every society in the world.
Data Collection from some sources
From the research work, we have found that domestic violence is caused mainly by dowry, addiction, social, cultural as well as political aspects, sexual behavior of the husband, making familial decisions, giving birth to female children, and so on. Though the literacy rate of our country is increasing day by day, the extremeness of domestic violence remains the same.
According to the “Yes I DO “reports that globally 29% to 62% of women have experienced physical or sexual violence by an intimate partner. Ending gender discrimination and all forms of violence against women requires an understanding of the prevailing culture of bias and violence. The present study was conducted in a rural area in Sindh. Focus group discussions were conducted among married women in the age group of 18 to 35 years. Physical violence was a major cause of concern among these women. Some women had to suffer even during pregnancy. An alcoholic husband emerged as the main cause of domestic violence. Husbands’ relatives instigating wife-beating was also common. The majority of the women preferred to remain silent despite being victimized. The women feared to resort to law because of implications such as social isolation. To address this, all sectors including education, health, legal, and judicial must work in liaison. Gender inequality must be eliminated and equal participation of women in the decision-making and development processes must be ensured.
As Other Reports Conducted by Asia Jalil, A cross-sectional survey is conducted among 151 currently married women of reproductive age residing in 2 villages of Mirpur Khas, Sindh, Pakistan. Household financial resources are negatively associated with physical wife abuse. Socio-economic dependence of women on marriage increases the chances of experiencing physical wife abuse. Higher the household decision making in the hands of respondent or respondent and husband jointly; the lower the risk of physical wife abuse. The respondent’s isolated from natal kin and residing with in-laws are more likely to experience physical wife abuse. Results indicate that the dependence on marriage is a risk factor, while the respondents who never attempt to leave violent husbands even temporarily and household ownership are a protective factor against physical wife abuse.
As she mentioned in her report Physical violence includes hitting, Slapping, shoving, grabbing, pinching, beating and heir are pulling. Denying the right to medical care, physical abuse, and alcohol, and so on.
According to Dawn In all 421 incidents of violence against women and girls were reported and 72 of them were recorded in Khairpur alone, according to the quarterly report titled “Situation of Violence against Women in Sindh (July-September 2014)”. Gender-based violence helped maintain women in subordinate roles and contributed to their low level of political participation and their lower level of education, skills, and work opportunities, it adds. A badly-worded FIR also harms prosecution cases obstructing women’s access to effective remedies, the report says.
Most of the time police are not informed about such incidents, while some of those reported to the police are not recorded in (police diary), the report says. Even if a few cases are lodged, inquiries are not properly conducted and the matter is eventually shelved, it adds.
It was observed that rural areas were fast catching up with the urban areas as far as violence against women was concerned, as out of the 421 cases, and these cases mentioned in very important note and as the district-wise number of cases during the three months were in this list Umerkot, also mentioned at there.
In the report, Aurat Foundation chief Mahnaz Rehman demanded that the government ensure that laws against domestic violence, rape, sexual harassment, and other gender-based violence gave adequate protection to all women and respected their integrity and dignity and appropriate protection and support services were provided to the victims.
Literature Reviews
According to Reviews conducted from different sources, and including my point of view is I believe that there are many reasons for violence against women. One of them is that intolerance among couples and immediate family members, being unable to accept each other as they are and failing to live in harmony, and working towards a better human relationship. The second reason is lack of education, lacking self-control over self, losing temper on minor incidents, and failing to understand that life has its ups and downs. There are many other reasons for violence against women. However, all need to show self-restraint, self-control, and a better understanding of the women they deal with. This goes without saying that women also need to show maturity when dealing with others in their life. With little effort, all can save themselves from many problems in life. Let us all try to show a bit more self-control, and more maturity when dealing with others.
The issue of violence against women in Pakistan is often discussed and highlighted in the print and electronic media at national and international levels. For example, various Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) such as the Human Rights Commission for Pakistan provide some evidence of VAW, typically obtained from the press and official bodies such as the police.
Methods Use to Prevention from Violence
Basically! There are many methods required in changing the social conditions, such as gender inequality, that excuse, justify or even promote violence against women and their children. Educate girls, spread Awareness into women, make strong women for upcoming problems, and be strong for their rights.
Results
Well, After conducting research the results I find out is only women were so scared from my expectations because of their husband’s pressure, family burden, children, food, shelters, and one of the important things nobody wants to share their real-life views concerned with domestic violence. Most of the families face disorganization among the family for violence; most children are being dropped out from school as they face fearful behavior of their parents. Especially when I went to Village Salhi shah their I find out that in some cases, wives are being beaten severely, sometimes being raped by turns, sometimes being hung and tried to prove it as a suicide. Again, in most families, women are tortured for any simple reason, as they fail to bring money demanded by their husbands. In some situations, we have found that the inability of husbands to impregnate their wives or sterility is imposed on wives. Most violence is caused by the patriarchal role. Moreover, domestic violence is caused by dowry demand by family authority, decision making, and wife’s appearance, the existence of 7.6% for co-wives, addictions, first female child, or having a greater number of female children. Furthermore, -women are being tortured by their husbands in the home because of sterility, inauspicious treatment, unwanted sexual union, and religious and cultural values.
Discussion points about Domestic violence with Classmates
When I completed my assignment task then I discussed it with classmates as well as their response was not well but somehow I understood the value of my work. the main reasons for domestic violence against women indeed take place due to the lack of proper knowledge and the violation of the law. Moreover, the traditional authority has been dominating women for ages. Through awareness, we can aware women of such kinds of violence and increase strangeness to remove fear from their minds.
Conclusion
From the whole research finally, we can realize that patriarchal social values are responsible for most of the domestic violence against women in rural areas. Statistically, about 25% of physically abused women had lost children after they were born compared to 18% of women who were never abused. In Bangladesh, 13.8% of maternal death in pregnancy occurred as a result of violence. Besides, children who witnessed violence were at a higher risk for emotional and behavioral problems, including anxiety, depression, poor school performance, low self-esteem, disobedience, and nightmare violence perpetrated by the husband accounted for 49% of household death.
References
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